Grand Canyon University DNP: 801

Criteria and Defining Characteristics

Article 1:

Article 2:

Article 3:

Abstract 

After reading the abstract what do you expect to learn from the article?

Nurses who work in specialty settings such as oncology are prone to burnout because of the high levels of stress this disease attracts. In this article, the author distinguishes the global insights of burnout within the oncology specialty nursing populace, their views as to how this issue affects client care and measures to reduce. The purpose of this quantitative descriptive analysis employs questionnaires to depict acuities of burnout. Clinicians from three oncology nursing units at a university-affiliated hospital totaling 61 nurses were the participants of the study. The study highlights the use of two implements that clinicians completed anonymously to explore different facets concerning views of burnout among the nurses. The study's central inquiry variables were burnouts perception and how burnout distresses care clients receive and approaches to reduce burnout. The results of the survey uncover that inpatient oncology clinicians testify of a reasonable level of perceived burnout that produces an adverse effect on the provision of care. Nurses display poor empathy and compassion for the patient, family, and visitors as the feelings of emotive disinterest and depersonalization ensues. After reading the abstract, the expectation is to learn how nurses in specialty units such as the oncology define burnout, its effects on client care and how to reduce the problem. Additionally, the hope is to learn what studies were performed to address the issue of burnout with these nurses, the findings that resulted and how these findings were incorporated to improve this problem.

One of the number one determinants of patient satisfaction after a hospital stay is patient safety. In this article, the author analyzes studies on stress, Burnout Syndrome, and client security in the latitude of nursing care in the infirmary setting. The authors use an integrative writing appraisal by collecting information from several databases including Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online - PubMed/MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences – LILACS. The results of the review reveal that factors such as the work atmosphere as a cause of tension, and superfluous assignment as a cause of disappointments contribute to nursing experts stress and burnout. As a result, these experts were more vulnerable to provide unsafe care because of a lack of support from their organization. After reading the abstract, the expectation is to grasp information on contributing factors that lead to burnout, unsafe patient care, and learn regulatory approaches that will assist in improving the quality standard of care clients receive.

Nursing turnover is a recurring problem especially in specialty areas such as the emergency department. In this article, the author highlights the problem of retaining nurses in the ED because of job dissatisfaction. This study applies a satisfaction survey that contains specific job factors reported to affect job satisfaction. The review samples 89 ED nurses from across the United States via social media. The majority of respondents were BSN graduates, 33 were ASN graduates, and 8 held an MSN. Finding suggests that the majority of ED nurses were satisfied with their current ED job. After reviewing the abstract, the expectation is to learn additional information on what are some of the reasons causing ED nurses to leave the specialty and how to prevent. 

Introduction: Summarize the following in paragraph form.

• What is the purpose of the study?
• What is the scope of the study?
• What is the rational for the study?
• What is the hypothesis or research question?
• What key concepts and terms are noted?
• Is a review of the literature provided?

According to Russell (2016), the nurses who work in the oncology setting are prone to caring for the clients who are incredibly ill.  The outcome is a nurse who becomes so frazzled that he or she gets burnt out. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to pinpoint opinions of burnout with oncology nurses. The scope of the review is limited to inpatient oncology nurses in the hospital setting.

The complexity of client, family care, and other stressors in specialty areas such as Oncology results in the nurse becoming more susceptible to the burnout syndrome (Russell, 2016). Hence, the rationale for this study is to acquire information that can assist in implementing strategies to reduce burnout, improve truancy and client outcomes. According to Russell (2016 “the goal of this study was to identify perceptions of burnout among inpatient oncology nurses” (p. 104).  As a result, the research questions to consider are: What nurses perceive as their overall level of burnout? How do the nurses understand factors that increase burnout and how nurses think that burnout can decrease? Fundamental concepts and terms the study describes includes burnout; compassion fatigue; Malasch Burnout Inventory; oncology nurses; quantitative research; and stress (Russell, 2016). These terms are clearly identified and expressed throughout the report

The article includes an extensive review of the literature that adds information from previous researches on the same topic, to clarify current study data, design methods, tools used to measure data and reinforce validity of the study. 

According to (Filgueira Martins, Rodrigues, Santos, and Sousa (2017) the concern concerning secure care has become a global confront and reports denote that disproportionate assignment is a danger issue that arouses the progress of expert tension and Exhaustion Disorder. The purpose of the existing analysis is to respond to such queries by examining reports on strain and Fatigue Disorder, and client protection in nursing care within the hospital setting. 

The scope of the study includes scientific productions available in full texts, as original articles, for free, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017). The scope of the study excludes items not addressing the relevant topic, monographs, dissertations, theses, duplicate studies and others divergent from the original articles (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017). 

The rationale for the study is to allow reflection concerning how these factors may affect the occurrence of a failure in caring for clients. 

Filgueira Martins Rodrigues, et al., (2017) states that the research question for this study centers on exploring what the characteristics of studies on stress and patient safety are? Additionally, what are the effects of pressure and Burnout Syndrome in nursing professionals and patient safety? The fundamental concept such as nursing client safety, expert tension, fatigue syndrome and specialized fatigue is explicitly mentioned throughout the article. 

The article does include an extensive literature review that provides significant information regarding the topic and highlights previous research that adds validity to the study.

According to Helbing (2017), a lower level of satisfaction exacerbates adverse effects by causing a further nursing turnover, increased workloads for existing staff, and decreased patient satisfaction and quality of care.

The purpose of the study is to determine the overall job satisfaction among emergency department (ED) nurses (Helbing, 2017). The scope of the review is limited to RN's who work in the emergency department. The study does not list any exclusion criteria.

 Job satisfaction is the most consistent predictor of nurses' intent to stay and many factors affect this complex element (Helbing, 2017).  Therefore, the rationale for the study is to acquire information on job satisfaction specific to the ED to assist nurse managers in developing strategies for retaining ED nurses and improving job satisfaction (Helbing, 2017). 

According to Helbing (2017), the main hypotheses or research question is:

What is the current level of job satisfaction among nurses working in the Emergency Department?  An additional objective of the study to demonstrate that working situations and income report smallest fulfilment results, whereas labor and employment associations will report higher satisfaction totals (Helbing, 2017). 

Key concept terms noted in the article include job satisfaction and RNs in the Emergency Department. The article highlights a detailed review of the literature using scholarly sources. 

Methods: Summarize the following in paragraph form.

• What is the population being sampled?
• What data collection procedure is presented?
• What other procedures are described?

The population being sampled for the study consists of 61 nurses from a university-affiliated infirmary plus clients on a sole, charitable, and nameless basis (Russel, 2016). 

The data collection procedure the study highlights is a descriptive, quantitative study that uses a survey design (Russell, 2016). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and the investigator-developed Inpatient Oncology Nursing Questionnaire (IONQ) are two additional tools this study uses to add specific data pertaining to nurses perception of burnout (Russell, 2016). Other procedures include convenience sampler, unpaid and unknown involvement (Russell, 2016).

The population being sampled is nursing specialists functioning in the hospital setting. The data collection procedure this report presents is an integrative review of the literature that synopsizes evidence and assimilates the applicability of the results by pinpointing best practices on the area under analysis (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017). Additional procedures include determining the question and objective of the study, probing for regular articles and judiciously assessing the outcomes (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017).

The population being sampled is RNs who work in the emergency department (Helbing, 2017). The data collection procedure presented is a satisfaction survey using the McCloskey- Mueller Satisfaction Scale model (MMSS) (Helbing, 2017). Other methods include a pilot study using five nurses before data collection. 

Results: Summarize the following in paragraph form.

• What are the given findings?
• How was data collected?
• Are the findings supported by graphs and charts?
• What does the analysis of data state?

The given findings of the study uncover that inpatient oncology clinicians report a moderate level of perceived exhaustion (Russell, 2016). Inpatient oncology nurses purported that burnout had an adverse influence on the delivery of care (Russell, 2016). Oncology nurses claimed that they experienced burnout because of amplified nurse-patient ratios, missed/shortened lunches or breaks (Russell, 2016). Lastly, they professed that burnout prevention occurs when ample supplies, partnership, cooperation, kinfolk encouragement and acquaintances exist (Russell, 2016)..).

The evidence collection comprises using expediency selection, the investigator-developed IONQ, and the MBI-HSS tool (Russell, 2016). The findings described was reinforced with tables, no graphs, or charts. 

The analysis of the data reveals that a constant reasonable level of exhaustion across all three subscales was conveyed among contributors in the exploration (Russell, 2016). The report further discloses that a statistically substantial connection originates amid the subsequent nursing insights and the apparent level of burnout (Russell, 2016).  Nurse perception of clinician-client proportions boosted causing emotive fatigue because of truancy (Russell, 2016). Nurses also professed that partnerships with clients' kinfolk, associates, or guests amplified weariness through the experience of strange behavior (Russell, 2016). Also, a slightly substantial relationship exists between views that missed, reduced, or disturbed breaks or lunches increased burnout by instigating expressive overtiredness (Russell, 2016)

The given findings divulge information that of the ten articles reviewed (8) eight used the cross-sectional method to collect data, (1) one used the longitudinal way, and (1) one the integrative review (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017). As a result, the evaluation is limited because it was a single and temporal cut that can present a response rate of a separate specific reality (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017). Two (2) charts but no graphs support these findings. 

The analysis of the data state that there are possible solutions to address the penalties of strain and Burnout Syndrome in nursing professionals, and motivations to patient safety in the hospital setting (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017). The analysis of the data also states that actions such as work overload, poor management, stress, and fatigue can result in not only inadequate care but also depersonalization and sympathetic enervation, precursors of the Burnout Syndrome (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017).

The given findings of the study reveal that 72% of the ED nurses were satisfied with their current ED job (Helbing, 2017). 

The data was collected using the Satisfaction Survey placed on the Survey Monkey website (surveymonkey.com) for eight weeks and delivered to consenting participants with a flyer put on social media to advertise it to ED nurses (Helbing, 2017). The findings are supported by the articles using two tables that depict outcomes of the survey. 

The analysis of the data state of the 89 surveys received, all participants answered positively (Helbing, 2017). Seventy-two percent of participants in this study were satisfied overall with their current nursing position (Helbing, 2017). Respondents were most pleased with the work-itself and employment interactions and slightly happy with present work circumstances and fulfillment/recognition (Helbing, 2017). Extrinsic employment influences had lesser gratification percentages, which is analogous to other analyses (Helbing, 2017). There was one intrinsic (the work itself) and one external (work relationships) factor that had the maximum liking results (Helbing, 2017). 

Conclusion: Summarize in paragraph form.

• What is the summary of the study?
• What is the conclusion of the hypothesis?
• What are the questions for future research?

The summary of the study reveals that burnout and compassion fatigue in nursing can adversely distress client care (Russell, 2016). It is vital that the nursing organization is aware of this issue to ensure nurses' overall well-being, job satisfaction, and to maintain excellent care for patients. Cognizance of burnout, along with the integration of cooperation and partnership, can offer clinicians a better knack when caring for themselves. 

The conclusion of the hypotheses suggests that when staffing is insufficient because of a lack of working nurses or nurses calling off, increased nurse-patient ratios and burnout occur (Russell, 2016). Nurses piquantly deem that burnout has a detrimental influence on the patient care they provide. 

Russell (2016) postulate that “as a result of missed, shortened, or skipped breaks and lunches nurses state they become burnout” (p. 108). Understanding why prompts the reader to explore the following questions for future research: 

What is the reason why nurses continue to skip, shorten, or eliminate breaks or lunches? Does having adequate resources and supplies alleviate burnout in acute care settings? 

The summary of the study supports an improved tolerance of the associations between client safety-stress-Burnout Syndrome in the hospital setting of nursing experts. 

The conclusion of the hypothesis as it relates to the study is that working environment with dangerous working circumstances and the disproportionate assignment of nursing professionals are cogitated as contributing components to the pressure and Burnout Syndrome of employees (Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017).

The inability to examine no more than ten studies, accomplish the evaluation in a definite time cut, and constrain the level of data of journals to a level five (5) resulted in restrictions to the study ((Filgueira Martins Rodrigues et al., 2017). Therefore, it is imperative to ask the following questions for future research:

How would the results of the analysis differ if more articles were considered?  What would the result reveal if the integrative review was not performed in a single time cut? How different would the level of evidence of publications be if it was not focused on level 5?  Considering these questions would give a more detailed information regarding patient safety and nursing as to how to approach this serious issue.  

The summary of the study unveils that specific job factors lead to satisfaction, including the nurses' demographics. Identifying and understanding job satisfaction factors create a strong foundation for successful ED nursing retention programs (Helbing, 2017). 

The conclusion of the hypotheses suggests that when nurses display feelings of overwork, denied appropriate salaries, and suitable working conditions; dissatisfaction occurs resulting in an extreme turnover (Helbing, 2017). On the other hand, the work itself and work relations within the ED will result in a higher satisfaction score and nurses staying within their jobs.

Restrictions of the study include the ability to only conduct report with nurses through social media, the indefinite legitimacy of the satisfaction survey and the capability of confirming if all participants were ED RN’s (Helbing, 2017). As a result, there are future questions that need answers such as:

What would be the result if more nurses from areas other than social media, male ED nurses and older aged ED nurses were included in the study? How would verifying respondent's employment as current ED nurses change the results? What would be the benefit of exploring supplementary factors that distress employment gratification independent of the six (6) inherent and external elements this analysis accounts?

References

• What are the total number of references used in the study?
• List two of the references used.

The total number of references the study uses is 14. Two of the references used are:

Alacacioglu, A., Yavuzsen, T., Dirioz, M., Oztop, I., & Yilmaz, U. (2009). Burnout in nurses and physicians working at an oncology department. Psycho-Oncology, 18, 543–548. doi:10.1002/pon.1432 

Garrett, C. (2008). The effect of nurse staffing patterns on medical errors and nurse burnout. Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses, 87, 1191–1204. 

The total number of reference the study uses is 20 and they are listed in the article. Two of the reference used in the study are:

Caruso, CC. (2014).  Negative impacts of shiftwork and long work hours. Rehab Nurs [Internet]. 39(1):16–25. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23780784

Neill, D. (2010).  Nursing workload and the changing health care environment: a review of the literature. Admin Iss J Educ Pract Res[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016 Apr 10];1(2):133-43. Available From: http://www.swosu.edu/academics/aij/2011/v1i2-docs/neill.pdf

The total number of references the study uses is 14. Two of the references used are:

Hairr, D., Salisbury, H., Johannsson, M., & Redfern-Vance,
N. (2014). Nurse staffing and the relationship to job satisfaction and retention. Nursing Economics, 32(3), 142-147. Retrieved from: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/ pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=55b577cc-6766-4704-91ac-b38c 34b44438%40sessionmgr4004&vid=2&hid=4205 

Sawatzky, J.V. & Enns, C. (2010). Exploring the key predictors of retention in emergency nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 20, 696-707. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2834.2012.01355.x