Prevention of second Hand smoke to children age 3-11 from developing asthma

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Table Of Contents

Introduction 2

Mobilize 3

Assess 5

Implementation 7

Track 8

Conclusion 8

References 1

Introduction

The homes, schools and social avenues are places where children are usually most exposed to second hand smoke, it is also a major place of exposure to second hand smoke for adults (Center for disease control, 2020). Statistics indicate that children who live in homes where smoking is allowed often have a higher level of cotinine (this is a biological marker of second hand smoke exposure) that children t who live in homes that second hand smoke is never allowed.  Even though the center for disease control report that second hand smoke exposure among children has continued to fall over the past 15 years, children are still more heavily exposed to second hand smoke than adults (Center for Disease control, 2020).  Around 4 out of 10 children in the United States aged 3-11 are exposed to second hand smoke. Also the percentage of teenagers living with at least one smoker is around three times the percentage of the non-smoking adult that live with a smoker. 

The purpose of this capstone community project was to assess the pprevention of second-hand smoke to children age 3-11 from developing asthma.  This was done under the following objectives:

1. Discuss impact of secondhand smoking in children age 3-11 years old.
2. Identify 3 effects on how secondhand smoking causes asthma.
3. Explain 3 risks to health that secondhand smoking causes pre/post-test.
4. Apply how to reduce their risk of asthma related to secondhand smoking, by listing 3 serious illness due to secondhand smoking.

In conducting the community project, the MAPIT framework was used. 

MAPIT is a framework for planning and evaluating public health interventions in a community. This framework is made of five steps that include: Mobilize individuals and organizations that care about the health of your community into a coalition, the Assessment of the areas of greatest need in your community, and the strengths and resources that you can tap into to address those areas. Plan your approach: start with a vision of where you want to be as a     community; add strategies and action steps to help achieve that vision (Healthypeople, 2020). Implement your plan using concrete action steps that can be monitored and will make a difference and Track your progress over time.

MOBILIZE

The broad goal of the group project is to increase parent awareness on decreasing second hand smoke to prevent development of    asthma on young adults.

The following will be the group members and their responsibility. 

The stakeholders are going to include; Center for disease control and prevention, World health organization,  National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES), Healthy children organization, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), American Heart Association, American Lung Association. 

In regard to the topic, the barriers were recognized after extensive research which showed that since the publication of the first Surgeon General’s study in 1964, there have been major advances in scientific information about the health consequences of tobacco use.  More than 20 million Americans have died from smoking since the study was released.  In this regard, it was found that the adverse effects of tobacco use do not end with the consumer. Exposure to second-hand smoke is not free of risks. Since 1964, 2.5 million non-smokers died due to second-hand contact diseases (Center for Disease control, 2020). Also for adults, second-hand smoke is known to cause adult cardiac diseases, lung cancer and stroke, and may cause a variety of health issues for children and infants.

Based on these issues, this project is thus  important as it is going to contribute to the HP 2020 objectives that includes; the reduction of tobacco use by adults, reduce tobacco use by adolescents and reduce the initiation of tobacco use among children, adolescents, and young adults. These stakeholder are also very important as they are going to provide resources through participation in the reduction of illness, disability, and death related to tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure (Coutinho et al., 2017).  This will be done through  working with stakeholders to establish the formation of  policies  that will see the prices of tobacco products being increased as a measure toward  reducing the high levels or smoking witnessed in homes and public centers.  These stakeholders will also be useful when it comes to the implementation of full smoke-free measures and expanded cessation therapy and effective cessation services for all smokers in clinical setting. The project is also going to work with stakeholders in implement through media campaigns against smoking, this will also see the support for the promotion of proposed tobacco prevention strategies by the CDC and regulation of access to cigarettes, e-cigarettes and combustible and non-combustible products.

Some of the anticipated barriers during the program implementation will include; Changes in tobacco product landscape, the increase in the use of new emerging tobacco products and the increased number of children exposed to second-hand smoke.

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ASSESS

The community project was done in Wellington, Florida. This is a village located in the western part of West Palm Beach in Central Beach County. Wellington is 66 miles from Miami with a population of 65,398(2019 census).  According to the census report, 97% of the population live in the urban areas, 48.9 % are male while 51.1% are females, The median resident age is 41.8 years old, The median household income is $93,655, 6.9% of resident live in poverty, 57.8% of the population are white, 12% black, 23% Hispanic, 3.7% Asian, 1.8% are 2+ races and others 0.5%, 17.1% of resident are foreign born (Latin Americans) and the rate of unemployment is 2.7% (Datausa, 2020).   The healthcare centre selected for the community project is the Wellington Regional Medical Center, All-Care Home Health Services Inc and Nuvista Living at Wellington Green are the main healthcare facilities in the region. 

Above: Welling Florida Population

Source: (US Census Bureau, 2020) 

Just like in other states, second hand smoke is a combination of smoke from the burning end of a cigarette and the smoke breathed out by the smoker. Usually second hand smoke is going to contain more than 7000 chemicals and hundreds of which are toxic while around 70 of these toxins can cause cancer (Center for disease control, 2020).  From 1964 the surgeon General report, around 2.5 million adults that were non-smokers died due to the fact that they breathed second hand smoke. This shows that second hand smoke will lead to numerous health related problems in children and infants. This also includes more severe and frequent asthma attacks, ear infections, respiratory infections and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). During pregnancy, smoking is also known to result to more than 1000 infant deaths each year.  Some of the health conditions related to second hands smoking in both children and adults include heart disease, brain damage and cancer (Center for disease control, 2020). 

Among the resources used in conducting the community assessment project included; holding stakeholders meetings which were very important when it comes to mapping the area and assessing the health status of the community especially when it comes to tobacco related condition. The team will also conduct community focus groups, surveys, and hold interviews with the community leaders and collect the population health related data through the United States related census website. 

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Plan

The plan of this community project was made with an established benchmark.  This will be focussed towards increasing school age adult knowledge of the health effects of second hand smoke.  To do this, the project title will be adjusted to capture a huge audience. The proposed title is ‘Second-hand smoke causes various health disorders’ 

Among the SMART learning objects for the community benchmarks included the following:

#Objective 1- At the end of the presentation, 75% of the participants will be able to:

1) Discuss the impact of second-hand smoking in children age 3-11 years old, by identifying 3 effects on how second-hand smoking causes asthma.

#Objective 2 -he established benchmark is, 75% of the participants will identify 3 effects of second-hand smoking and how it causes asthma in children age 3-11 years old.

2) Explain 3 risks to health that second-hand smoking causes pre/post-test.

#Objective3- The established benchmark is, 75% of the participants will list 3 risks to their health after the presentation is done.

3) Apply how to reduce their risk of asthma related to second-hand smoking, by listing 3 serious illness due to second-hand smoking.

#Objective 4- The established benchmark is, 75% of the participants will identify 3 serious illness caused by second-hand smoking after the presentation is done.

Among the proposed teaching strategies for this project will include the use of inquiry based instructions, visualizations, professional development.  The materials to be used during the project implementation included;  

Scientific data. Education session time frame will be 9 weeks. There will also be a pre and post evaluation which will be done through; Formative assessments, summative assessments and Feedbacks. 

Implementation

The proposed site form the implementation of the community project includes; community health facilities and Schools.  The planned implementation is going to take a total of 9 weeks where 100 participants will be targeted. 

Track

At the end of the presentation, 75% of the participants were able to understand the impact of secondhand smoking in children age 3-11 years old, by identifying 3 effects on how secondhand smoking causes asthma (Healthypeople, 2020). This is because, 75% of the participants will identify 3 effects of secondhand smoking and how it causes asthma in children age 3-11 years old.

Also 75% of the children were able to Explain 3 risks to health that secondhand smoking causes various health risk issues.  They were also able to Explain 3 risks to health that secondhand smoking causes pre/post-test.  75% of the target population was able to understand the impacts of second hand smoking. Based on the data collected after the teaching project: > 75% of the target population were are that second hand smoking is dangerous and got to know what they should do to change that. 

Conclusion

This community Project entailed creating awareness of second hand smoking. The project looked at the health impacts that second has smoking has on young people and assessed the Knowledge regarding second hand smoking in the community setting. There was engagement of stakeholders is one of the best ways to end second hand smoking within the family and community environment.  In conclusion the project create a positive impact in regard to the prevention of second hand smoking among 3-11 year olds through community education, measures and awareness. 

References

Center for disease control. (2020, February 27). Health effects of second-hand smoke. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/index.htm

Center for Disease control. (2020, August 4). Children in the home. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/secondhand_smoke/children-home/index.htm

Coutinho, B., Ferreira, É., Pena, R., & Nunes, V. (2017). Enhancing stakeholders involvement by smart meters deployment campaign. CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017(1), 2736-2739. https://doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2017.1019

Datausa. (2020). Data USA. Data USA. https://datausa.io/search/?q=Wellington%20village%20Florida

Healthypeople. (2020). Program planning. Healthy People 2030 | health.gov. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/tools-and-resources/Program-Planning

Healthypeople. (2020). Tobacco use | Healthy people 2020. Healthy People 2020 |. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/tobacco-use/objectives

US Census Bureau. (2020, March 9). Population and housing unit estimates. The United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html?intcmp=serp